Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 108
Filter
1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(1): 59-64, feb. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430527

ABSTRACT

El periodo postnatal temprano se caracteriza por rápido crecimiento cerebral, posiblemente relacionado con variaciones del oxígeno tisular. Esto ha motivado el estudio de protocolos que suministran diferentes concentraciones de oxígeno intermitentes, para observar sus efectos morfológicos y cerebrales. Se utilizaron 52 crías de ratas Sprague Dawley, distribuidas en igual número a cuatro grupos experimentales, Control (C, 21 %O2), Hipoxia Intermitente (HI, 11 %O2), Hiperoxia Intermitente (HOI, 30 %O2) e Hipoxia Hiperoxia Intermitente (HHI, 11 % -30 %O2). Los protocolos consideraron 5 ciclos de 5 minutos de dosificación, durante 50 minutos diarios. Se realizó en una cámara semihermética entre los días 5 al 11 postnatales. Las evaluaciones de crecimiento corporal y cuantificación neuronal, se realizaron en las crías macho, en el día 28 postnatal. El peso corporal en el grupo hipoxia intermitente mostró diferencias significativas respecto al grupo hiperoxia intermitente (HI vs HOI, p<0,01) y al grupo hipoxia-hiperoxia Intermitente (HI vs HHI, p< 0,001). La talla corporal disminuyó en el grupo hipoxia-hiperoxia intermitente con diferencias significativas respecto del grupo control (C vs HHI, p<0,05) y respecto del grupo hipoxia intermitente (HHI vs HI, p< 0,01). El conteo neuronal en el área CA1 del hipocampo aumentó en el grupo hipoxia intermitente con diferencias significativas respecto a los grupos control (C vs HI; p<0,05), al grupo hiperoxia intermitente (HI vs HOI; p<0,001) y al grupo hipoxia-hiperoxia intermitente (HI vs HHI; p<0,001). Finalmente, el grupo hipoxia- hiperoxia Intermitente disminuyó significativamente en la cantidad de neuronas en comparación al grupo hiperoxia intermitente (HHI vs HOI; p<0,001). La hipoxia intermitente mostró resultados beneficiosos en el crecimiento corporal y cantidad de neuronas en el área CA1 del hipocampo, en contraste, la hipoxia hiperoxia intermitente experimentó resultados adversos con disminución de estas variables, en el periodo postnatal temprano de la rata.


SUMMARY: The early postnatal period is characterized by rapid brain growth, possibly related to variations in tissue oxygen. This has motivated the study of protocols that supply different intermittent oxygen concentrations, to observe their morphological and cerebral effects. Fifty-two pups Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed in equal numbers into four experimental groups, Control (C, 21 %O), Intermittent Hypoxia (HI, 11 %O), Intermittent Hyperoxia (HOI, 30 %O2) and Intermittent Hypoxia Hyperoxia (HHI, 11 % - 30 %O2). The protocols considered 5 cycles of 5 min of dosing, for 50 min diary. It was performed in a semi- hermetic chamber between 5 to 11postnatal days. The evaluations of body growth and neuronal quantification were analyzed in male pups, on postnatal day 28. Body weight in the intermittent hypoxia group showed significant differences compared to the intermittent hyperoxia group (HI vs HOI, p<0.01) and the intermittent hypoxia- hyperoxia group (HI vs HHI, p<0.001). Body size decreased in the Intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia group with significant differences compared to the control group (C vs HHI, p<0.05) and with respect to the intermittent hypoxia group (HHI vs HI, p<0.01). The neuronal count in the area CA1 of the hippocampus increased in the intermittent hypoxia group with significant differences compared to the control groups (C vs HI; p<0.05), to the intermittent hyperoxia group (HI vs HOI; p< 0.001) and the intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia group (HI vs HHI; p<0.001). Finally, the intermittent hypoxia- hyperoxia group decreased significantly in the number of neurons compared with the intermittent hyperoxia group (HHI vs HOI; p<0.001). Intermittent hypoxia showed beneficial results in body growth and the number of neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus, in contrast, intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia experienced adverse results with a decrease in these variables, in the early postnatal period of the rat.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Oxygen/administration & dosage , CA1 Region, Hippocampal/growth & development , Hypoxia , Time Factors , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Hyperoxia
2.
J. health med. sci. (Print) ; 8(1): 15-20, ene.-mar. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1391822

ABSTRACT

The Chilean workforce has over 200,000 people that are intermittently exposed to altitudes over 4000 m. In 2012, the Ministry of Health provided a technical guide for high altitude workers that included a series of actions to mitigate the effects of hypoxia. Previous studies have shown the positive effect of oxygen enrichment at high altitudes. The Atacama Large Millimeter / submillimeter Arrays (ALMA) radiotelescope operate at 5,050 m (Array Operation Site, AOS) and is the only place in the world where Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) and Liquid Oxygen technologies have been installed at a large scale. Here we discuss our experience using oxygen supplementation at ALMA, to prevent the malaise and/or risks associated with exposure at 5,050 m. Antenna operators experienced chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH, shiftwork 8 days HA*6 days rest SL) over 4 years. Studies to define normal O2 saturation values were performed in OSF and AOS by continuous recording during the shift. The outcomes showed no differences between production procedures (PSA or Liquid oxygen) in regulating oxygen availability at AOS facilities. As a result, big-scale installations have difficulties reaching the appropriate oxygen concentration due to leaks in high mobility areas. In addition, the PSA plant requires adequation and maintenance to operate at a very high altitude.


La fuerza laboral chilena cuenta con más de 200.000 personas que están expuestas intermitentemente a altitudes superiores a los 4000 m. En 2012, el Ministerio de Salud entregó una guía técnica para trabajadores de altura que incluía una serie de acciones para mitigar los efectos de la hipoxia. Estudios anteriores han demostrado el efecto positivo del enriquecimiento de oxígeno en altitudes elevadas. El radiotelescopio Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Arrays (ALMA) opera a 5.050 m (Array Operation Site, AOS) y es el único lugar en el mundo donde se han instalado tecnologías de adsorción por cambio de presión (PSA) y oxígeno líquido a gran escala. Aquí discutimos nuestra experiencia usando suplementos de oxígeno en ALMA, para prevenir el malestar y/o los riesgos asociados con la exposición a 5.050 m. Los operadores de antena experimentaron hipoxia hipobárica intermitente crónica (CIHH, trabajo por turnos 8 días HA*6 días descanso SL) durante 4 años. Se realizaron estudios para definir valores normales de saturación de O2 en OSF y AOS mediante registro continuo durante el turno. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias entre los procedimientos de producción (PSA u oxígeno líquido) en la regulación de la disponibilidad de oxígeno en las instalaciones de AOS. Como resultado, las instalaciones a gran escala tienen dificultades para alcanzar la concentración de oxígeno adecuada debido a fugas en áreas de alta movilidad. Además, la planta de PSA requiere de adecuación y mantenimiento para operar a gran altura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Hypoxia/physiopathology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Models, Molecular , Desert , Absorption , Altitude , Telescopes
3.
Bofotá; IETS; ene. 2021.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS, BRISA | ID: biblio-1391970

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) se registró por primera vez en diciembre de 2019 en Wuhan, provincia de Hubei, China. El desarrollo de una enfermedad respiratoria altamente transmisible y de curso variable e impredecible orientó los esfuerzos hacia la identificación del agente y el estudio de los casos que permitieran el desarrollo de medidas adecuadas para contener su dispersión y dar mejor respuesta. Se demostró que la causa de estas afecciones era un nuevo coronavirus estructuralmente relacionado con el virus que causa el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS), que años atrás ya había causado otras infecciones por coronavirus (SARS en 2002 y 2003, y síndrome respiratorio del Medio Oriente -MERS en 2012) en el mundo. El 30 de enero de 2020, tras las crecientes tasas de notificación de casos en diversas localizaciones en China y la identificación de casos en otros 18 países, la organización Mundial de la Salud OMS declaró que el brote por el nuevo coronavirus (2019-nCov) constituye una emergencia de salud pública de importancia internacional (ESPII). El seguimiento a la epidemia, aún con las limitaciones para disponer de información en tiempo real, ha permitido conocer la evolución de la misma en el mundo. De acuerdo con los más recientes informes, más de 70 millones de personas han sido confirmadas con COVID-19 en cerca de 191 países, y en las Américas la cifra está en ascenso. La epidemia de COVID-19 se inició en Colombia el 6 de marzo 2020, actualmente el número de casos diarios reportados supera los 11.00 y a diciembre 20 se ha registrado un total de 1'507.222 casos confirmados de los cuales 89.330 están activos. Las tasas de letalidad reportadas son muy variables entre países y aún entre regiones de cada país, dado principalmente por las características y condiciones poblacionales y el acceso a servicios de salud. Se estima que actualmente la letalidad es cerca del 4% o incluso menor, considerando que el número de casos asintomáticos o mínimamente sintomáticos es varias veces mayor que el número de casos notificados. OBJETIVO: Sintetizar la evidencia disponible para establecer la efectividad y seguridad del uso de cánula de alto flujo de oxígeno en adultos con COVID-19 que requieran manejo hospitalario, a fin de orientar la toma de decisiones en el marco de la pandemia por coronavirus en Colombia. METODOLOGÍA: Población: Estudios que incluyan únicamente adultos con diagnóstico de neumonía por COVID-19, que requieren manejo hospitalario con suplencia de oxígeno. Tecnología de interés: Estudios que comparen cánula nasal de alto flujo de oxígeno vs. ventilación mecánica no invasiva (mascarilla con reservorio de reinhalación parcial, de no reinhalación y Venturi) Desenlaces: Estudios que incluyan información sobre requerimiento de ventilación mecánica invasiva, mortalidad, eventos adversos o aspersión de partículas virales. Tiempo: El tiempo de medición de los desenlaces se reportó de acuerdo con lo informado en los estudios. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática de literatura. Todo el proceso se acogió a los estándares de calidad internacional utilizados por la Colaboración Cochrane para Revisiones Rápidas. RESULTADOS: Las estrategias de búsqueda, así como las bases de datos consultadas, se presentan en el Anexo 2. Fueron identificadas 103 referencias después de remover duplicados, de los cuales fueron incluidos para revisión en texto completo 16 artículos y fueron incluidos 4 de ellos. De forma adicional se realizó una búsqueda en la página de clinicaltrials.gov los resultados se presentan en la Tabla 4 así como las características de los estudios, la búsqueda en el portal WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform ­ ICTRP no fue posible consultarla. La búsqueda complementaria en los motores de búsqueda Google y en Google Académico no retribuyó estudios adicionales a los encontrados en las bases de datos indexadas. CONCLUSIONES: La información aquí presentada sugiere que en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria hipoxémica secundaria a neumonía por SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) y con mayores necesidades de las que pueden proveer los dispositivos de bajo flujo, la decisión de proveer oxigenoterapia con cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) y ventilación no invasiva (VNI) requiere de un balance entre los riesgos y beneficios para el paciente, así como el riesgo de exposición para los trabajadores de la salud, además de la consideración de optimizar los recursos disponibles. La información proveniente de los estudios incluidos en esta revisión sugiere que las medidas no invasivas como la CNAF, parecen seguras y podrían traer beneficios al paciente que lo requiera, antes de proceder a la intubación endotraqueal temprana. Se hace necesario a futuro, el análisis de información de estudios experimentales bien diseñados para poder establecer con certeza la efectividad de las tecnologías analizadas en la presente revisión.


Subject(s)
Humans , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Respiration, Artificial/instrumentation , Cannula/supply & distribution , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/therapy , Health Evaluation , Efficacy
4.
Acta toxicol. argent ; 28(3): 1-10, dic. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284970

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se realiza una revisión narrativa que plantea una reflexión acerca del rol de la oxigenación hiperbárica en la recuperación de los intoxicados con monóxido de carbono (ICO). La relación presión de tratamiento de oxigenación hiperbárica (TOHB), o sea dosis de oxígeno, y demora en su implementación son descriptas en esta revisión. Se presentan 9 casos de pacientes con ICO tratados con TOHB a 1,45 ATA (Atmósferas absolutas) por falta de acceso a TOHB de alta presión. Si bien es necesario investigación adicional, sugerimos que esta modalidad terapéutica a 1,45 ATA para ICO debe ser elegida frente al oxígeno normobárico, y considerada cuando las instalaciones de alta presión no están disponibles a distancias razonables.


Abstract A narrative review that raises a reflection about the role of hyperbaric oxygenation in the recovery of monoxide carbon (CO) poisoning is carried out. A description of the relationship of the pressure of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), oxygen dosage, and the delay in its implementation was done. Nine cases of intoxications treated with HBOT at 1.45 ATA due to lack of access to high-pressure HBOT were presented. While additional research is necessary, we suggest that this therapeutic modality at 1.45 ATA (Absolute Atmospheres) should be chosen instead of normobaric oxygen therapy for CO poisoning, and considered when high pressure facilities are not available at reasonable distances.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/therapy , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Argentina/epidemiology , Syndrome , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/complications , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Cerebrum/diagnostic imaging , Nervous System Diseases/prevention & control
6.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 90(6): 642-648, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058195

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Pocos estudios son concluyentes sobre la utilidad de la Oxigenoterapia por Cánula Nasal de Alto Flujo (CNAF) en pacientes con crisis asmática. OBJETIVO: Determinar la eficacia de la CNAF en niños mayores de 2 años con crisis asmática severa y moderada que no responde al tratamiento inicial. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Ensayo clínico randomizado controlado abierto de pacientes con exacerbación asmática en un Departamento de Emergencia Pediátrica. Se excluyó crisis mediadas por infecciones y comorbilidad. Los pacientes fueron aleatorizados: Grupo 1 CNAF (n: 32) y Grupo 2 Oxigenoterapia Convencional (n: 33). Ambos grupos recibieron el tratamiento farmacológico habitual. El primer punto de corte fue el descenso del PIS en más de 2 puntos a las 2 horas del tratamiento; los puntos secundarios: descenso del PIS a las 6 horas, tiempo de permanencia en la emergencia e ingreso a UCIP. RESULTADOS: Las características basales fueron similares en ambos grupos. La proporción de sujetos con disminución de más de dos puntos en el PIS a las 2 horas de tratamiento Grupo 1: 43,7% IC 95% (28-60) vs Grupo 2: 48,4%; IC 95% (32-64) p 0,447. La estadía media fue 24,8 ± 12,3 horas en el Grupo1 vs 24 ± 14,8 horas en el Grupo2; IC 95% (7,56-5,96) p 0,37. No encontramos diferencias del score y puntaje del esfuerzo respiratorio en mediciones cada 2 horas. Ningún paciente ingresó a cuidados intensivos. CONCLUSIONES: La incorporación de la CNAF al tratamiento de pacientes con crisis asmática no presentó beneficios clínicos ni disminuyó el tiempo de estadía en el DEP.


INTRODUCTION: There are few conclusive studies on the usefulness of High-Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) Oxygen Therapy in patients with asthmatic crises. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of HFNC in chil dren older than 2 years of age that present severe and moderate asthmatic crises that do not respond to initial treatment. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Open controlled randomized clinical trial of patients with asthma exacerbation in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Infection- and comorbidity-media ted crises were excluded. Subjects were randomized as follows: Group 1 HFNC (n:32) and Group 2 Conventional Oxygen Therapy (n:33). Both groups received the usual pharmacological treatment. The first cut-off point was the decrease of more than 2 points of the PIS after 2 hours of treatment; secondary points were PIS decrease at 6 hours, stay time in the Emergency Room, and PICU admis sion. RESULTS: The patient's baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. The proportion of subjects with more than two points decrease in the PIS after two hours of treatment in Group 1 was 43.7% CI 95% (28-60) vs. Group 2 48.4%; CI 95% (32-64) p 0.447. The mean stay time was 24.8 ± 12.3 hours in Group 1 vs. 24 ± 14.8 hours in Group 2; CI 95% (7.56-5.96) p 0.37. We did not find differences in the respiratory effort score measurements every 2 hours. No patients were admitted to intensive care. CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of HFNC oxygen therapy in the treatment of patients with asthmatic crises in the Pediatric Emergency Department did not show clinical benefits nor did it diminish the stay time.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Status Asthmaticus/therapy , Cannula , Time Factors , Emergency Service, Hospital , Hospitals, Pediatric , Length of Stay
7.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 31(2): 156-163, abr.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013763

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia e a segurança da oxigenoterapia com uso de cânula nasal de alto fluxo no tratamento da insuficiência respiratória hipercápnica moderada em pacientes que não conseguem tolerar ou têm contraindicações para ventilação mecânica não invasiva. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo observacional de 13 meses envolvendo participantes admitidos a uma unidade de terapia intensiva com insuficiência respiratória hipercápnica ou durante o processo de seu desenvolvimento. Os parâmetros clínicos e de troca gasosa foram registrados em intervalos regulares durante as primeiras 24 horas. Os parâmetros finais foram saturação de oxigênio entre 88 e 92%, juntamente da redução do esforço respiratório (frequência respiratória) e da normalização do pH (≥ 7,35). Os participantes foram considerados não responsivos em caso de necessidade de utilização de suporte ventilatório. Resultados: Trinta participantes foram tratados utilizando oxigenoterapia com cânula nasal de alto fluxo. Esta foi uma população mista com exacerbação de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, edema pulmonar cardiogênico agudo, e insuficiência respiratória aguda pós-operatória e pós-extubação. Observou-se melhora não significante na frequência respiratória (28,0 ± 0,9 versus 24,3 ± 1,5; p = 0,22), que foi aparente nas primeiras 4 horas do tratamento. Ocorreu melhora do pH, embora só se tenham obtido níveis normais após 24 horas de tratamento com cânula nasal de alto fluxo (7,28 ± 0,02 versus 7,37 ± 0,01; p = 0,02). A proporção de não responsivos foi de 13,3% (quatro participantes), dos quais um necessitou e aceitou ventilação mecânica não invasiva, e três necessitaram de intubação. A mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva foi de 3,3% (um participante), e um paciente morreu após a alta para a enfermaria (mortalidade hospitalar de 6,6%). Conclusão: O oxigenoterapia com cânula nasal de alto fluxo é eficaz para a insuficiência respiratória hipercápnica moderada e ajuda a normalizar os parâmetros clínicos e de troca gasosa, com taxa aceitável de não responsivos que necessitaram de suporte ventilatório.


ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in treating moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients who cannot tolerate or have contraindications to noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: A prospective observational 13-month study involving subjects admitted to an intensive care unit with or developing moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure. Clinical and gas exchange parameters were recorded at regular intervals during the first 24 hours. The endpoints were a oxygen saturation between 88 and 92% along with a reduction in breathing effort (respiratory rate) and pH normalization (≥ 7.35). Subjects were considered nonresponders if they required ventilatory support. Results: Thirty subjects were treated with high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy. They consisted of a mixed population with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and postoperative and postextubation respiratory failure. A nonsignificant improvement was observed in respiratory rate (28.0 ± 0.9 versus 24.3 ± 1.5, p = 0.22), which was apparent in the first four hours of treatment. The pH improved, although normal levels were only reached after 24 hours on high-flow nasal cannula therapy (7.28 ± 0.02 versus 7.37 ± 0.01, p = 0.02). The rate of nonresponders was 13.3% (4 subjects), of whom one needed and accepted noninvasive mechanical ventilation and three required intubation. Intensive care unit mortality was 3.3% (1 subject), and a patient died after discharge to the ward (hospital mortality of 6.6%). Conclusion: High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy is effective for moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure as it helps normalize clinical and gas exchange levels with an acceptable rate of nonresponders who require ventilatory support.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Hypercapnia/therapy , Intensive Care Units , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Oxygen/metabolism , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/adverse effects , Pulmonary Gas Exchange , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Cannula , Middle Aged
9.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 68(2): 128-134, Mar.-Apr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-897829

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Efficacy of preoxygenation depends upon inspired oxygen concentration, its flow rate, breathing system configuration and patient characteristics. We hypothesized that in actual clinical scenario, where breathing circuit is not primed with 100% oxygen, patients may need more time to achieve EtO2 ≥ 90%, and this duration may be different among various breathing systems. We thus studied the efficacy of preoxygenation using unprimed Mapleson A, Bain's and Circle system with tidal volume breathing at oxygen flow rates of 5 L.min−1 and 10 L.min−1. Methods: Patients were randomly allocated into one of the six groups, wherein they were preoxygenated using either Mapleson A, Bain's or Circle system at O2 flow rate of either 5 L.min−1 or 10 L.min−1. The primary outcome measure of our study was the time taken to achieve EtO2 ≥ 90% at 5 and 10 L.min−1 flow rates. Results: At oxygen flow rate of 5 L.min−1, time to reach EtO2 ≥ 90% was significantly longer with Bain's system (3.7 ± 0.67 min) than Mapleson A and Circle system (2.9 ± 0.6, 3.3 ± 0.97 min, respectively). However at oxygen flow rate of 10 L.min−1 this time was significantly shorter and comparable among all the three breathing systems (2.33 ± 0.38 min with Mapleson, 2.59 ± 0.50 min with Bain's and 2.60 ± 0.47 min with Circle system). Conclusions: With spontaneous normal tidal volume breathing at oxygen flow rate of 5 L.min−1, Mapleson A can optimally preoxygenate patients within 3 min while Bain's and Circle system require more time. However at O2 flow rate of 10 L.min−1 all the three breathing systems are capable of optimally preoxygenating the patients in less than 3 min.


Resumo Justificativa: A eficácia da pré-oxigenação depende da concentração inspirada de oxigênio, do fluxo de gases, da configuração do circuito respiratório e das características do paciente. Nossa hipótese foi que, no cenário clínico real, no qual o circuito respiratório não é preparado com 100% de oxigênio, os pacientes podem precisar de mais tempo para atingir EtO2 ≥ 90% e essa duração pode ser diferente entre vários circuitos de respiração. Avaliamos, portanto, a eficácia da pré-oxigenação com o uso dos circuitos não preparados Mapleson A, Bain e Circular com volume corrente de respiração com um fluxo de oxigênio de 5 L.min−1 e 10 L.min−1. Métodos: Os pacientes foram alocados aleatoriamente em um dos seis grupos, nos quais foram pré-oxigenados com o uso do circuito Mapleson A, Bain ou Circular com um fluxo de O2 de 5 L.min−1 ou 10 L.min−1. O desfecho primário de nosso estudo foi o tempo necessário para atingir EtO2 ≥ 90% com um fluxo de 5 e 10 L.min−1. Resultados: Com um fluxo de oxigênio de 5 L.min−1, o tempo para atingir EtO2 ≥ 90% foi significativamente maior com o circuito Bain (3,7 ± 0,67 min) do que com os circuitos Mapleson A e Circular (2,9 ± 0,6 e 3,3 ± 0,97 min, respectivamente). No entanto, com o fluxo de oxigênio de 10 L.min−1 foi significativamente menor e comparável entre os três circuitos respiratórios (2,33 ± 0,38 min com Mapleson; 2,59 ± 0,50 min com Bain e 2,60 ± 0,47 min com o Circular). Conclusões: Durante respiração espontânea com volume corrente normal e com um fluxo de oxigênio de 5 L.min−1, o sistema Mapleson A pode pré-oxigenar o paciente de forma ideal dentro de três minutos, enquanto os sistemas Bain e Circular requerem mais tempo. Porém, com um fluxo de O2 de 10 L.min−1, todos os três circuitos respiratórios podem pré-oxigenar o paciente de forma ideal em menos de três minutos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Respiration , Anesthesia/methods , Time Factors , Tidal Volume , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
10.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 94(1): 56-61, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894100

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the hypothesis that use of heliox would result in improvement of gas exchange when used with high flow nasal cannula in infants with RSV acute bronchiolitis. Methods: All patients that met the inclusion criteria were randomized to either heliox (70:30) or air-oxygen mixture 30% via high flow nasal cannula at 8 L/min for a continuous 24 h. Measurements were taken at baseline, after 2 h, and at the end of the 24 h. Results: This prospective study included 48 patients. After 2 h of treatment with heliox, the oxygen saturation and PaO2 significantly improved when compared with the air-oxygen group, 98.3% vs. 92.9%, 62.0 mmHg vs. 43.6 mmHg (p = 0.04 and 0.01), respectively. Furthermore, PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly higher in the heliox group when compared with the air-oxygen group, 206.7 vs. 145.3. Nevertheless, CO2 showed better elimination when heliox was used, without significance. MWCA score dropped significantly in the heliox group, 2.2 points vs. 4.0 points in air-oxygen (p = 0.04), 2 h after starting the therapy. Conclusion: Transient improvement of oxygenation in infants with RSV acute bronchiolitis during the initial phase of the therapy is associated with heliox when provided with HFNC, may provide a precious time for other therapeutic agents to work or for the disease to resolve naturally, avoiding other aggressive interventions.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a hipótese de que o uso da mistura heliox resultaria em melhoria da troca gasosa quando usado com cânula nasal de alto fluxo em crianças com bronquiolite aguda por VSR. Métodos: Todos os pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão foram randomizados para receber a mistura heliox (70:30) ou a mistura ar/oxigênio a 30% por meio da cânula nasal de alto fluxo a 8 L/min por 24 horas contínuas. As medições foram feitas no início, depois de duas horas e ao fim de 24 horas. Resultados: Fizemos um estudo prospectivo em que foram incluídos 48 pacientes. Após duas horas de tratamento com a mistura heliox, a saturação de oxigênio e a PaO2 apresentaram melhoria significativa em comparação com o grupo da mistura ar/oxigênio: 98,3% em comparação com 92,9%, 62,0 mmHg em comparação com 43,6 mmHg (p = 0,04 e 0,01), respectivamente. Além disso, a relação PaO2/FiO2 era significativamente mais alta no grupo da mistura heliox do que no grupo da mistura ar/oxigênio, 2.067 em comparação com 1.453. Contudo, o CO2 apresentou melhor eliminação quando a mistura heliox foi usada, sem relevância. O Escore MWCA caiu significativamente no grupo da mistura heliox, 2,2 pontos em comparação com 4,0 pontos da mistura ar/oxigênio (p = 0,04) duas horas após o início da terapia. Conclusão: A breve melhoria da oxigenação em crianças com bronquiolite aguda por VSR na fase inicial da terapia está associada à mistura heliox quando administrada pela CNAF e poderá fornecer um tempo precioso para outros agentes terapêuticos funcionarem ou para a própria doença se curar naturalmente e evitar outras intervenções agressivas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Bronchiolitis, Viral/therapy , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Cannula , Helium/administration & dosage , Bronchiolitis, Viral/virology , Acute Disease , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
11.
Medwave ; 18(3): e7211, 2018.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-911668

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Siendo la disnea irruptiva un síntoma muy frecuente en los pacientes oncológicos, no existen recomendaciones precisas para su tratamiento. El objetivo principal del estudio fue analizar qué tratamientos se utilizan en la práctica clínica diaria para el manejo de la disnea irruptiva en pacientes con cáncer en España. Los objetivos secundarios fueron describir las características de los pacientes oncológicos con disnea irruptiva y los atributos de esta alteración. MÉTODOS: Pacientes oncológicos mayores de 18 años, con disnea irruptiva y estado funcional Karnofsky mayor o igual a 30, atendidos en servicios de oncología. Se recogió el historial de tratamientos para la disnea irruptiva y las características de esta patología, variables antropométricas, índice de disnea de Mahler, escala de Borg, escala Edmonton Symptoms Assessment Scale, satisfacción del paciente con el tratamiento actual de la disnea irruptiva. RESULTADOS: La edad media de los 149 pacientes incluidos fue de 66 años (intervalo de confianza 95%: 64,3 a 67,9), siendo mujeres el 35,6% (53). La intensidad media de la disnea irruptiva fue de 5,85 (intervalo de confianza 95%: 5,48 a 6,22 Borg). El 55,1% de los tratamientos de primera opción fueron los opioides, seguidos del oxígeno (17,3%). El 79,9% de los pacientes (119) fueron tratados en monoterapia. En los casos que presentaban disnea basal se administró oxígeno en mayor proporción 21,1% versus 7,4% (p = 0,07). Si la disnea era predecible se administró en mayor proporción opioides, 70,9% versus 44,4% (p = 0,01). CONCLUSIONES: Los opioides constituyen el tratamiento de primera línea de la disnea irruptiva en la práctica clínica habitual; sin embargo, el grado de evidencia científica que justifique su uso es escasa. Se necesita más información procedente de ensayos clínicos controlados en los que se evalúe la eficacia comparativa de diferentes tratamientos.


INTRODUCTION: Although breakthrough dyspnea is very frequent in cancer patients, there are no precise recommendations for treating it. The main objective of this study was to analyze what treatments are used in clinical practice for the management of breakthrough dyspnea in cancer patients in Spain and the secondary objectives were to describe the characteristics of cancer patients with breakthrough dyspnea and the attributes of the disorder. METHODS: Cancer patients over 18 years of age, with breakthrough dyspnea and a Karnofsky performance score of ≥30, who were treated at departments of oncology in institutes across Spain were included in this cross-sectional observational study. The characteristics of breakthrough dyspnea, history of treatment, anthropometric variables, Mahler dyspnea index, Borg scale, Edmonton Symptoms Assessment Scale, and patient satisfaction with current breakthrough dyspnea treatment were assessed. RESULTS: The mean age of the 149 included patients was 66 years (95% confidence interval: 64.3 to 67.9), and 53 were females (35.6%). The mean breakthrough dyspnea intensity was 5.85 (95% confidence interval 5.48 to 6.22, Borg scale). A total of 55.1% of the first-choice treatments consisted of opioids, followed by oxygen (17.3%). A total of 119 patients (79.9%) received monotherapy for breakthrough dyspnea. Patients presenting with basal dyspnea received oxygen in a greater proportion of cases (21.1% vs 7.4%; p = 0.07). Patients with predictable dyspnea received a greater proportion of opioids (70.9% vs 44.4%; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Opioids constitute first-line therapy for breakthrough dyspnea in routine clinical practice, though the scientific evidence supporting their use is scarce. Further information derived from controlled clinical trials is needed regarding the comparative efficacy of the different treatments in order to justify their use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Dyspnea/drug therapy , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Neoplasms/complications , Spain , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dyspnea/etiology
12.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(4): 1473-1481, Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893159

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Special features of nanoparticles have resulted in their widespread use. Small molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3) nanoparticles can translocate from the entry portals into the circulatory and lymphatic systems and ultimately to body tissues and organs depending on their composition and size. In this research, sixty Wistar rats weighting 180-250 g were divided into 6 groups (n=10) randomly: Group 1 (Control) did not receive any medicine. Group 2 (Sham) received intraperitoneal normal saline for 35 days on a daily basis. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 received 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg MoO3, respectively, the same way in the sham group and at the same interval. At the end of the experiment, the rats were weighted again and anesthetised. Then blood samples were taken from their hearts to determine the serum levels of estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotropins. Their ovaries were removed and ovarian volume, follicular diameter, number of each follicle type, and oocyte volume were determined. Results indicated that MoO3 nanoparticles strongly reduced body and ovarian weights in the rats. Moreover, a significant decrease was observed in ovarian volume, the number of follicle types, oocyte volume and follicular diameter. The nanoparticles increased the number of atretic follicles via ovarian tissue structure. MoO3 nanoparticles decreased serum estrogen level and increased serum level of FSH that was associated with disruption in the regulation of progesterone and LH secretion. The findings showed that MoO3 nanoparticles could bear negative effects on ovarian structure and function.


RESUMEN: Las características específicas de las nanopartículas han dado lugar a su uso generalizado. Las pequeñas nanopartículas de trióxido de molibdeno (MoO3) pueden penetrar los sistemas circulatorios y linfáticos y, en última instancia, dependiendo de su composición y tamaño, también los tejidos y órganos del cuerpo. En esta investigación se dividieron 60 ratas Wistar con un peso de 180-250 g en 6 grupos (n = 10) aleatoriamente: el Grupo 1 (Control) no recibió ningún medicamento. El Grupo 2 (Sham) recibió solución salina normal intraperitoneal durante 35 días diariamente. Los grupos 3, 4, 5 y 6 recibieron 50, 100, 200 y 300 mg / kg de MoO3 respectivamente, de la misma manera en el grupo simulado, y en el mismo intervalo. Concluyendo el experimento, las ratas se pesaron nuevamente y fueron anestesiadas. Luego se tomaron muestras de sangre de los corazones para determinar los niveles séricos de estrógeno, progesterona y gonadotropinas. Se retiraron los ovarios y se determinó el volumen ovárico, el diámetro folicular, el número de cada tipo de folículo y el volumen de ovocitos. Los resultados indicaron que las nanopartículas de MoO3 redujeron significativamente los pesos corporal y ovárico en las ratas. Además, se observó una disminución importante en el volumen ovárico, el número de tipos de folículos, el volumen de ovocitos y el diámetro folicular. Las nanopartículas aumentaron el número de folículos auriculares a través de la estructura del tejido ovárico. Las nanopartículas de MoO 3 disminuyeron el nivel sérico de estrógeno y aumentaron el nivel sérico de FSH que se asoció con la interrupción en la regulación de la progesterona y la secreción de LH. Los hallazgos mostraron que las nanopartículas de MoO 3 podrían tener efectos negativos sobre la estructura y la función ovárica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Molybdenum/administration & dosage , Nanoparticles , Ovarian Follicle/drug effects , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Estrogens/blood , Gonadotropins/blood , Microscopy, Electron , Organ Size/drug effects , Ovary/drug effects , Ovary/ultrastructure , Progesterone/blood , Rats, Wistar
14.
Rev. pediatr. electrón ; 14(1): 13-25, 2017. img.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-968887

ABSTRACT

Cada año, cerca de 6 millones de niños mueren por enfermedades prevenibles o fácilmente tratadas. El 95% se produce en países subdesarrollados, siendo la neumonía la causa más prevalente muertes en menores de 5 años (18%). La hipoxemia es la causa de los decesos en estos individuos. La aplicación de O2 como medida terapéutica para tratar o prevenirla es una de las indicaciones más frecuente que debe realizar un clínico. Este escrito trata de integrar en forma muy resumida los conceptos básicos que involucran a la oxigeno terapia, cuándo aplicar O2, con que equipos y aditamentos más apropiados.


Around 6 million children died of preventable or easily treatable diseases each year. Ninety five per cent are produced in undeveloped countries, being pneumonia the leading cause of death of children of 5 years or less (18%) and hypoxemia is the cause of dead. Oxygen therapy to treat or prevent this, as a therapeutic measure, is one of the most commons indicationsthat must be performed by aclinician. The review summarized the basic concepts of oxygen administration, when and how, with which equipment, oxygen delivery devices, dangers and its precautions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/instrumentation , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Hypoxia/prevention & control , Oxygen/administration & dosage
15.
Acta cir. bras ; 31(11): 736-743, Nov. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-827666

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To investigate the potential protective effects of enoxaparin against the adverse events of carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum. METHODS: Thirty four rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 (sham) underwent insertion of Veress needle into the abdomen and 90 min of anesthesia with no gas insufflation. The animals in control and enoxaparin groups were subjected to 90 min of 14 mmHg CO2 pneumoperitoneum. Enoxaparin (100 u/kg) was administered subcutaneously to the rats in enoxaparin group one hour before the operation. After 90 min of pneumoperitoneum, the rats were allowed for reperfusion through 60 min. Blood and liver samples were obtained for biochemical and histopathological examination. RESULTS: Treatment with enoxaparin decreased the histopathological abnormalities when compared with the control group. The highest levels of oxidative stress parameters were found in control group. The use of enoxaparin decreased the levels of all oxidative stress parameters, but the difference between the control and enoxaparin groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Enoxaparin ameliorated the harmful effects of high pressure CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the liver.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial/adverse effects , Carbon Dioxide/adverse effects , Enoxaparin/therapeutic use , Liver/drug effects , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial/methods , Pressure , Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Carbon Dioxide/administration & dosage , Rats, Wistar , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Disease Models, Animal , Liver/pathology
16.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 66(2): 120-125, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777410

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cuffs of tracheal tubes protect the lower airway from aspiration of gastric contents and facilitate ventilation, but may cause many complications, especially when the cuff pressure exceeds 30 cm H2O. This occurs in over 30% of conventional insufflations, so it is recommended to limit this pressure. In this study we evaluated the in vitro effectiveness of a method of limiting the cuff pressure to a range between 20 and 30 cm H2O. METHOD: Using an adapter to connect the tested tube to the anesthesia machine, the relief valve was regulated to 30 cm H2O, inflating the cuff by operating the rapid flow of oxygen button. There were 33 trials for each tube of three manufacturers, of five sizes (6.5-8.5), using three times inflation (10, 15 and 20 s), totaling 1485 tests. After inflation, the pressure obtained was measured with a manometer. Pressure >30 cm H2O or <20 cm H2O were considered failures. RESULTS: There were eight failures (0.5%, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9%), with all by pressures <20 cm H2O and after 10 s inflation (1.6%, 95% CI: 0 5-2.7%). One failure occurred with a 6.5 tube (0.3%, 95% CI: -0.3 to 0.9%), six with 7.0 tubes (2%, 95% CI: 0.4-3.6%), and one with a 7.5 tube (0.3%, 95% CI: -0.3 to 0.9%). CONCLUSION: This method was effective for inflating tracheal tube cuffs of different sizes and manufacturers, limiting its pressure to a range between 20 and 30 cm H2O, with a success rate of 99.5% (95% CI: 99.1-99.9%).


RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: Os balonetes das cânulas traqueais protegem as vias aéreas inferiores da aspiração de conteúdo gástrico e facilitam a ventilação pulmonar, mas podem provocar diversas complicações, principalmente quando a pressão do balonete supera 30 cm H2O. Isto ocorre em mais de 30% das insuflações convencionais, sendo recomendada a limitação desta pressão. Neste estudo avaliou-se in vitro a eficácia de um método para limitar a pressão dos balonetes à faixa entre 20 e 30 cm H2O. MÉTODO: Utilizando um adaptador para conectar a cânula testada ao aparelho de anestesia, regulou-se a válvula limitadora deste a 30 cm H2O, insuflando o balonete por meio do acionamento do botão de fluxo rápido de oxigênio. Realizaram-se 33 testes para cada cânula de três fabricantes, de cinco tamanhos (6.5 a 8.5), utilizando três tempos para insuflação (10, 15 e 20 segundos), totalizando 1485 testes. Terminada a insuflação, mediu-se a pressão obtida com um manômetro. Pressões >30 cm H2O ou < 20 cm H2O foram consideradas falhas. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram oito falhas (0,5%; IC 95%: 0,1-0,9%), sendo todas por pressões <20 cm H2O e após insuflações de 10 segundos (1,6%; IC 95%: 0,5-2,7%). Uma falha ocorreu com cânula 6.5 (0,3%; IC 95%: -0,3-0,9%), seis com cânulas 7.0 (2%; IC 95%: 0,4-3,6%), e uma com cânula 7.5 (0,3%; IC 95%: -0,3-0,9%). CONCLUSÃO: Este método mostrou-se eficaz para insuflar os balonetes de cânulas traqueais de diferentes tamanhos e fabricantes limitando sua pressão à faixa entre 20 e 30 cm H2O, com incidência de sucesso de 99,5% (IC 95%: 99,1-99,9%).


Subject(s)
Humans , Pressure , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Anesthesia/methods , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Equipment Design , Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation
17.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 28(1): 87-91, jan.-mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-780009

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O hélio foi descoberto em 1868 pelo astrônomo francês Pierre-Jules-César Janssen e teve seu uso terapêutico pela primeira vez na obstrução das vias aéreas, feito por Barach, quase 70 anos depois, em 1934. O heliox é caracterizado por sua baixa densidade, o que lhe confere melhor fluidez sob condições de turbulência, minimizando a pressão das vias aéreas e facilitando a ocorrência de um fluxo laminar. Este artigo apresenta dois casos clínicos de doentes com mal asmático sob ventilação mecânica, refratários à terapêutica, em que se recorreu ao heliox, permitindo uma otimização da eficácia do tratamento farmacológico convencional. Apesar de sua utilização permanecer esporádica e sua verdadeira eficácia não se encontrar bem demonstrada, as propriedades físicas únicas do hélio e a melhoria teórica do fluxo de ar nas vias aéreas obstruídas fomentam o interesse e a pesquisa científicos. Sua aplicação pode ter lugar simultaneamente em terapêuticas convencionais nas exacerbações graves e refratárias da doença obstrutiva grave.


ABSTRACT Helium was discovered in 1868 by the French astronomer Pierre-Jules-César Janssen and was first used as a therapeutic treatment for airway obstruction by Barach almost 70 years later, in 1934. Heliox is characterized by its low density, which makes it more fluid under conditions of turbulence, thus minimizing airway pressure and facilitating the occurrence of laminar flow. The present article describes two clinical cases of patients with status asthmaticus subjected to mechanical ventilation and refractory to treatment in whom heliox was used, which allowed optimization of the efficacy of conventional pharmacological treatments. Although heliox is still used sporadically and its true efficacy has not been well demonstrated, the unique physical properties of helium and the theoretical improvement of the airflow in obstructed airways have produced scientific interest and stimulated research. Heliox can be used simultaneously with conventional therapies in cases of serious and refractory exacerbations of severe obstructive disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Status Asthmaticus/therapy , Helium/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome , Middle Aged
18.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 66(1): 7-11, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-773479

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Thermal injuries and injured areas management are important causes of pain in burned patients, requiring that these patients are constantly undergoing general anesthesia for dressing change. Nitrous oxide (N2O) has analgesic and sedative properties; it is easy to use and widely available. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of N2O combined with fentanyl in burned patients during dressing change. METHOD: After approval by the institutional Ethics Committee, 15 adult burned patients requiring daily dressing change were evaluated. Patient analgesia was controlled with fentanyl 0.0005% administered by intravenous pump infusion on-demand. Randomly, in one of the days a mixture of 65% N2O in oxygen (O2) was associated via mask, with a flow of 10 L/min (N2O group) and on the other day only O2 under the same flow (control group). RESULTS: No significant pain reduction was seen in N2O group compared to control group. VAS score before dressing change was 4.07 and 3.4, respectively, in N2O and control groups. Regarding pain at the end of the dressing, patients in N2O group reported pain severity of 2.8; while the control group reported 2.87. There was no significant difference in fentanyl consumption in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The association of N2O was not effective in reducing opioid consumption during dressing changes.


JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os ferimentos térmicos e a manipulação das áreas lesadas são causas importantes de dor em pacientes vítimas de queimaduras, necessitando que estes pacientes sejam constantemente submetidos a anestesias gerais para a troca do curativo. O óxido nitroso (N2O) tem propriedades analgésicas e sedativas, sendo capaz de fácil utilização e de ampla disponibilidade. Com isto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito analgésico da administração de N2O associado ao fentanil em pacientes queimados, durante a troca de curativo. MÉTODO: Após aprovação pela comissão de ética institucional, foram avaliados 15 pacientes adultos, vítimas de queimaduras com necessidade de troca diária de curativo. A analgesia do paciente foi controlada pelo uso de fentanil 0,0005% administrado por bomba de infusão sob demanda, intravenosa. De maneira aleatória, em um dos dias foi associada mistura de N2O a 65% em oxigênio (O2) sob máscara com fluxo de 10 L/min (grupo N2O) e no outro dia apenas O2 sob o mesmo fluxo (grupo controle). RESULTADOS: Não se observou diminuição significativa da dor no grupo N2O em relação ao grupo controle. A dor na EAV antes da troca do curativo foi de 4,07 e 3,4; respectivamente nos grupos N2O e controle. Quanto à dor ao término da troca de curativo, os pacientes do grupo N2O referiram dor intensidade 2,8; enquanto no grupo controle foi de 2,87. Não houve diferença significativa de consumo de fentanil em ambos os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: A associação de N2O não foi eficaz na redução no consumo de opióides durante a troca de curativos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Bandages , Burns/therapy , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Nitrous Oxide/administration & dosage , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Pain/etiology , Pain/drug therapy , Burns/complications , Single-Blind Method , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled/methods , Treatment Outcome , Analgesics, Opioid , Middle Aged
19.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-875375

ABSTRACT

The present study objective was to determine whether ventilation of rats with room air is possible and whether this technique has advantages when compared to pure oxygen ventilation. Twenty rats were divided into two groups of ten animals each. In one group, the animals were ventilated with cylinder of compressed air, 0.21 of oxygen, (air group), while the other group animals were ventilated with cylinder of compressed oxygen, assumed 1.00 of oxygen, (O2 group). Blood gas parameters and oxygenation index were compared between groups. The O2 group had hyperoxia at the beginning and end of artificial ventilation. The PaO2 were adequate in animals of air group. No significant difference in PaCO2 was observed between the two groups at the beginning or end of mechanical ventilation. The mean oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2ratio) was significantly higher in the air group compared to the O2 group at the beginning and end of artificial ventilation (5 min: p < 0.001 and 60 min: p < 0. In conclusion, ventilation of rats with room air is more advantageous than with pure oxygen since it permits adequate oxygenation without causing hyperoxia.(AU)


O presente estudo investigou se a ventilação de ratos com cilindros de ar comprimido é possível e se esta técnica seria melhor do que o procedimento de ventilação com cilindros de oxigênio comprimido. Vinte ratos foram divididos em dois grupos de dez animais cada. Em um grupo os animais foram ventilados com ar ambiente e o outro grupo foram ventilados com oxigênio puro. Parâmetros dos gases sanguíneos e o índice de oxigenação foram comparados entre os grupos. O grupo dos animais ventilados com oxigênio puro teve hiperóxia no começo e no fim da ventilação mecânica. A PaO2 ficou adequada nos animais ventilados com ar ambiente. Não houve diferença significativa na PaCO2 entre os dois grupos no começo e no fim da ventilação mecânica. A média do índice de oxigenação (razão PaO2/FiO2) foi significativamente mais alta no grupo de ar ambiente quando comparado com o grupo do oxigênio puro no começo e no fim da ventilação mecânica (5min: p < 0,001e 60min: p < 0,002). Em conclusão, ventilar ratos com ar ambiente é mais vantajoso do que quando realizado com oxigênio puro porque permite oxigenação adequada sem causar hiperóxia.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Oxygen Level/analysis , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Oxygen/blood , Ventilation , Hyperoxia/veterinary
20.
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine ; : 82-88, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-220499

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Post-extubation respiratory failure (PERF) is associated with poor clinica l outcomes. High-f low nasa l cannula (HF NC) ox ygen therapy has been used in patients with respiratory failure, but the clinical benefit in patients with PERF remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of HFNC compared to noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with PERF. METHODS: A historic retrospective cohort analysis was performed in 28 beds in the medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at a single medical center in South Korea. In total, 73 patients with PERF were enrolled: 39 patients who underwent NIV from April 2007 to March 2009 and 34 patients who received HFNC from April 2009 to May 2011. RESULTS: The rate of avoidance of reintubation was not different between the HFNC group (79.4%) and NIV group (66.7%, p = 0.22). All patients with HFNC tolerated the device, whereas five of those with NIV did not tolerate treatment (p = 0.057). The mean duration of ICU stay was significantly shorter in the HFNC group than in the NIV group (13.4 days vs. 20.6 days, p = 0.015). There was no difference in ICU or in-hospital mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: HFNC is likely to be as effective as, and better tolerated than, NIV for treatment of PERF.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Administration, Inhalation , Airway Extubation/adverse effects , Cannula , Hospital Mortality , Intensive Care Units , Noninvasive Ventilation/adverse effects , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/adverse effects , Republic of Korea , Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL